Tuesday, 23 April 2019

POMEGRANATE CULTIVATION

CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF POMEGRANATE

SADANANDAM DASARI

Horticulturist 
E-mail: careagros@gmail.com
+91- 9866994295


Common Name : Pomegranate
Scientific Name : Punica granatum
 ü  Papilo fruit
 Exports : (To Middle East countries)
ü  India first place in exports
ü   Area of cultivation 1,13,000 ha
ü  50-60% of World production
ü  Maharastra is first in production
ü  Crop of AEROZON

Soils :ü  Well drained medium, light soils
ü  pH 6-8
ü  sun loving plant
Varieties :ü  Ganesh
ü  Mrudula
ü  Bhaguva – Soft seeded , only for export purpose
v   pomegranate Bacterial blight and Fungal diseases infestation is more



 Propagation :ü  Tissue culture
ü  Air layering – Used IBA 1000BPM as rooting media
ü  Stem cuttings



 Spacing :ü  3X4 mtrs – 366 plants
ü  3X5 mtrs – 193 plants
Manures & Fertilizers:Pits:
1 cft pit expose to sun light for 1 month.ü  Use 100 gms malathiyam/ bleaching powder per pit
ü  FYM- 10 kgs per pit
ü  Vermi Compost – 1 kg per pit
ü  Neem cake- 1 kg per pit
ü  SSP- 500 gms per pit
ü  PSP- 25 gms per pit
ü  T. Viridea-50 gms per pit



 I st Year:ü  FYM – 10gs per plant
ü  Nitrogen- 100 gms per plant
ü  Phasphorus- 150 gms per plant
ü  Potash – 50 gms per plant
** Micro Nutrients** Panchagavya** Cow Urine

 II nd Year:ü  FYM – 20gs per plant
ü  Nitrogen- 200 gms per plant
ü  Phasphorus- 100 gms per plant
ü  Potash – 100 gms per plant



 Flowering :
ü  Mrig Bahar – June-July (Not good because high rainfall), Not suggested to escape                           Bacterial Blight

 ü  Hasta Bahar – September-October (Good for exports)

ü  Ambe Bahar – January-February
*May-Not grown any flowers
Pruning :
ü  Remove water shoots timely.
ü  Allow 5-6 branches upto 2.5 to 3 fts height
ü  Once in a year – to get flowers at one time
ü  To manage proper light and disease free plants
ü  45 days rest before pruning
ü  For force rest in rainy season – Spray 1000 PPM Ethyril before pruning of 10-20 days.
ü  Stop watering during pruning
ü  After pruning spray 1% Boromix (1gr/ltr) to control Pathozen population.
ü  Spray Ethyril 1000 PPM-for new sprouts



 After pruningü  FYM
ü  Liho cell – 1000PPM (Cycocell-BASF company)
ü  Malic Hydrozide (MH) – 500 PPM
(1ml -1ltr water-1000 PPM) (1gr-1000ltr water-1 PPM)
Bordax paste : Cu So4 @1kg/5ltrs of water  + Ralla sunnam 1kg/5ltrs of waterCu So4 should mixed in sunnam tub   
Crop Regulation :ü  1st Year : 50-60 Fruits
ü  2nd Year : 60-80 fruits
ü  3rd Year : 80-100 fruits
ü  4th Year : 100-120 fruits
ü  5th Year and above : 120-140 fruits
For thick skin of fruit at lemon size spray – Zibberllic acid 10-20 PPM, Cytozen-1 ml (Bio star company)   
 Nutrient requirement :After pruning per plant :ü  FYM 30 kg
ü  Neem cake 1kg
ü  Castor cake 500 gr
ü  Vermi compost 2kg
ü  SSP 1kg
ü  DAP 500 gr
ü  MgSo4 200gr
ü  Borax 20gr
ü  Phoret Granuels 25gr
After one month at flowering stage spray –ü  Ammonium Sulphite 250gr
ü  19-19-19 Complex 750gr/plant
Next dose /plantü  Ammonium Sulphite 250 gr
ü  DAP 250gr
ü  Potash 250 gr
Last dose 3 months after flowering per plantü  DAP 500gr
ü  Potash 500 gr
        
Water Soluble Fertilizers
Sl.No.
After pruning
Water soluble fertilizer
Per hector
1
10th -20th days
12:61:0
(Mono Ammonium Phaspete)
1.5 kg
2
21st -30th  day
CaNo3
(Calcium Nitrate)
2kg
3
31st -40th day
19-19-19
(Complex)
500 gr
4
41st -50th day
0:50:34
Potacium di Hydrozen, Oartho Phaspete
1kg
5
50th day
Foliar spray
Zinc sulphite 2gr/ltr water
Borax 1gr ltr/water
Calcium Nitrate 2gr/ltr water

6
51st -60th day
13:0:45
Potacium Nitrate
1kg
7
61st -70th day
0:52:34
1kg
8
71st -80th day
0:0:50
(Sulphate of Potash)
1kg
9
80th day
Foliar spray
Zinc sulphite 2gr/ltr water
Borax 1gr ltr/water
Calcium Nitrate 2gr/ltr water

10
81st -90th day
13:0:45
1kg
11
91st -100th day
0:52:34
1kg
12
101st -110th day
0:0:50
1kg
13
111st -120th day
0:52:34
1kg
14
121st -130th day
0:0:50
1kg
15
131st -140th day
0:52:34
1kg
16
141st -150th day
0:0:50
1kg
 * 20-25 ltr water per every day is required per plant*50 ltrs water in April and May is required per plant  


Pest and Diseases

 1. Thrips & Mites – Sucking pest
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
Upward curling (Thrips)
-Pipronil @2ml/ltr water

-Dymethoyet@2ml/ltr water
Regent

Rogar
Bayer

Tata Ralies

2

Downward curling
(Mites)

-Wettable Sulpher@3gr/ltr water

-Dicophal@3ml/ltr water

-Imidacloprid1.5ml/ltr water

-Spynocide 0.3ml/ltr water

-Dypenthiron1gr/ltr water
   (Thrips & Mites)





Confidar

Tracer

Fegasis





Bayer

Dove

Syngenta


2. Mealy bug – Black sooty mould
-Don’t use pyrithroid insecticide-Remove effected fruits and shoots
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
Mould
-Dyclorophos@2ml/ltr water
          +
Acephate1gr/ltr water
Nuvan
Syngenta
   

 3. Aphids-Black sooty mould, systemic insecticide
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
Systemic insecticide/ Mould
-Dymethoyet@2ml/ltr water
         

Rogar
Tataralies


4. White flyes- Spray Neem oil 3%
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
Flyes
-Triazophos@1.5ml/ltr water
         





 5. Fruit borer- Collect the fruit and burn
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
To control borer from fruit set to ripening
-Dyclorophos@2ml/ltr water
          +
Acephate1gr/ltr water
Nuvan
Syngenta


 6. Fruit sucking moth- Spray Malathiyon1.5ml/ltr water

 7. Shoot hole borer-Small horizontal holes-after 5 years age plants-Spray Chlorophyriphos 2.5ml/ltr water 
 8. Stem borer-Dychlorophos(Nuvan-Syngenta)@2-3ml/ltr water with Needle Injection
9. Root knot Nemotodes-Plant stunted growth-Growing of Mary gold plants at Boundaries-Use 1kg Neem cake and 20gr Carbopheron Granuels for effective control 
10.Fruit cracking-Maintain soil moisture properly-Apply 1gr Boran and 5gr calcium for control
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose

1
Fruit cracking
-Calcium Cloride @10gr
+
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 1gr + 1gr Boran/ltr water
Soil application



 Diseases
1. Phytophora fungus-Root rots-common in Rainy season
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
Root rot
-Bordeuax Mixures@1gr/ltr water

-0.3% CoC

-Chlorothalonil @2ml/ltr water    






Kavach





Syngenta



 2. Anthrocnoze-Birds Eye spots on fruits and leaves 
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
Spots
-Thayophenetemithyne 1gr/ltr water

-Carbendizum+Mancozib@2gr/ltr water




SAAP




UPL



3. Fungal wilt-Effected plants uproot and burn it   
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
Wilt
-Redomil MZ 2gr/ltr water + Bavistin2gr/ltr

-Propiconozole@3ml/ltr water
-Mancozib@3ml/ltr water



Tilt
Syngenta
BSF
         
4. Bacterial blight-Black brown spots on leaves 
Sl.No.
Symptoms
Chemical name and dose
Trade name
Company
1
Black brown Spots
-Sodiahypocloride35ml/ltr water for secature cleaning

-Boxomix 1Gr/ltr spray

-Bleaching powder10kg/acre

-Streptocycline0.5gr/ltr water +
CoC 3gr/ltr (3times in 10days interval) or

Bromofal 0.5gr+Captan 1gr/ltr water

After above spray

ZnSo4-2gr/ltr- water
Mg So4 2gr/ltr.water
Boran 1gr/ltr water 





Micro nutrientsü  Zn So4 @5gr/ltr water
ü  Fe So4 @2gr/ltr water
ü  Borax @2gr/ltr water
ü  Cu So4 @2gr/ltr water
ü  Mg So4 @3gr/ltr water
ü  Mix with one lemon and shampoo



 Sizes :ü  Super size – 750 gr (very big)
ü  King : 500-750 gr (big size)
ü  Queen : 400-500 gr
ü  Prince : 300-400 gr
ü  12A : 200-300 gr
ü  12B : 200-300 gr



 Yield :  8-10 tonnes /ha
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